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安聖姬/AHN, SUNG-HEE
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Abstract
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Today the enlargement and specialization of hospitals have brought bureaucratic systems and these systems have made nurses´ feeling of alienation more intense. Nurses seem to be affected in their practice, in their medical values and in their attitudes to patients by their alienation from the external environments of nursing units, such as hospital lines or coordination and demands of related departments, administrative procedures, the relationship with other medical members, etc.
This study is to furnish basic data needed in effective hospital or nursing administration through investigations and the analysis of nurses´ perceived degree of alienation, according-to individual characteristics and properties related to their working situations in the general hospital.
The conceptual framework for this study is the sociopsy-chological concept of the alienation, which is defined as the feeling of powerlessness, that is "the expectancy or probability held by the individual that her behavior cannot determine the occurrence of outcomes, or reinforcement-she seeks." Therefore, powerlessness refers to a subjective, sociopsychological phenomenon.
Guilbert´s revised Health Care Work Powerlessness Scale´ which was used for data collection, is a self-administered instrument designed to measure health care workers´ perception of their work situation. The scale consists of 14 paired, forced choice dichotomous statements; that is, in each pair one statement represents control and a comparable one represents lack of control, or powerlessness. The scores range from 0-14.
Subjects included 490 nurses employed by five general hospitals in Seoul, and completed questionnaires were distributed and collected from Aug. 21-Sept. 3, 1984.
Every percent, mean score, standard deviation by variables was calculated and the ANOVA analysis was made to grasp the relationship between the general characters of subjects and the perceived degree of alienation for statistical treatment. The relationship among general variables according to the perceived degree of alienation was only in variables having statistically significant difference, of which significance was verified by X2 test.
The results and findings are as follows:
Results revealed a mean score of 6.337 (S.D. = 3.409) in the 490 subjects´ perceived degree of alienation, the lowest score o, the highest 14. The kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test results showed normal distribution (P < .001).
1. There was- a statistically significant difference between hospital and mean scores of perceived degree of alienation (p < .001).
2. Results revealed that the mean score of those over 40 and those between 35-39 was 7.0, those between 25-29 was 7.0 and those under 24 was 6.0,2, i.e., the older the subjects, the higher the perceived degree of alienation, but statistically no significant.,-difference between the two.
3. According to educational background, nurses from a 4 year college or University course have (6.89) over those with a 3 year college back-__... ground who have (6.03) .(p < .05) .
4. According to unmarried or married, married persons (6.97) have a little higher score than unmarried (6.24), but statistically no significant difference was found between them.
5. According to religion, the score of Catholics was the highest with(6.98), and those without a religion (6.17)) which revealed a statistically significant difference of (P < .01).
6. According to work experience in other organizations, ´having no experience´ (6.35) is revealed as a little higher than the case of ´having experience´ (6.22), but there was, statistically no significant difference.
7. The longer the years of nursing experience, the higher perceived degree of alienation (P < .001).
8. According to their departments, emergency room was the lowest with a score of 4.72 and the intensive care unit relatively low with 6.25, whereas the medical ward had 6.93 on the high score, but statistically no significant difference was found.
9. According to their positions, the score of nurses in charge was the highest with 7.90, head nurse 6.59, step nurse 6.30, supervisor 3.40, but statistically no significant difference was found.
10. According to their expected years of nursing with regard to marriage status, numarried respondent´s score determined as ´I will. do this type of work throughout my life´ was 5.92, ´I will do this type of work as long as it gives me personal fufillment´ 6.25, whereas the scores for married respondents was 7.0 and 6.98 respectively. However, statistically no significant difference was found.
11. According to their wish to change from their present place of employment the score of response to ´I will remain in my present state´ was the lowest with 5.59. I desire change but as of yet have made no concrete plan´ and ´I am making concrete plans´ was high with 6.90 and 6.87 respectively, which revealed statistically significant difference (P < .001).
The findings based on these results are as follows:
a. The perceived degree of alienation varied greatly among hospitals.
b. The perceived degree of alienation among 4 year college,. University graduates was higher than that among 3 year college graduates.
c. Nurses´ religious background had an effect on her perceived degree of alienation.
d. There was a significantly positive correlation between years of nursing experience and the perceived degree of alienation.
e. Nurses´ feeling of alienation had an effect upon the turnover.
The findings suggest that there should be. a lot thought given to excellent working conditions, a greater sharing of work and concrete incentives in order to satisfy the individual nurse´s needs, also educational background and work experience, to be taken more into consideration.
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KeyWords
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원문 및 링크아웃 정보
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등재저널 정보
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